India

There are three main Visa categories for Poland. 

Type C is a tourist/visit visa allowing Indian nationals to enter Poland and other Schengen members for a maximum period of 90 days every 180 days. 

Type D is a national visa allowing a stay for up to 1 year on the basis of work, study, dependant(s)

Type A airport transit visa for those in the transit area of a Polish airport. 

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Once your Type D visa is nearing its expiration you'll need to apply for Temporary Residence Card or Zezwolenie na pobyt czasowy/Karta Pobytu, which allows you to stay for an additional 1-3 years before needing to renew. It is important to inform the respective Voivodeship Office [Urząd Wojewódzki ] whenever your change employers, places of residency and personal information. 

Afer 5 years of continuous stay in Poland, you may qualify for a Permanent residence card [Zezwolenie na pobyt rezydenta długoterminowego UE] 

If you are a holder of a valid Indian driver's permit and you wish to exchange it for a Polish one, you must reside in Poland for a minimum of 185 days first in order to qualify. This driver's permit will require sworn translation into Polish and candidates most likely need to pass a theory exam (also available in English). For more information contact DokuPol.

Once you arrive in Poland you should register your stay [Zameldowanie na pobyt czasowy]. This document is issued by your respective City Hall [Urząd Miasta/Gminy] for a period that corresponds to your basis of legal stay (e.g. visa, housing contract). The certificate is issued for a cost of PLN 17 and is useful when filing for a TRC or exchanging a driver's permit. Non-Polish citizens automatically receive a PESEL number when registering their stay. PESEL numbers are similar to an Indian PAN, this number helps with banking and other government applications.